Posted on May 5, 2026May 5, 2026 by Dale Phillips Norwegian Spruce Norwegian Spruce by Leonardo Michelin-Salomon Originally published in American Lutherie #143, 2021 In 2017, the Norwegian Crafts Institute and the Norwegian Luthiers Association came together and held a seminar about spruce — and specifically Norwegian spruce — as tonewood. Different panelists explored the topic from different angles: Violin maker Magnus Nedregaard presented us with a historical perspective on the quality of the spruce seen on old violins, also in light of dendrochronological analysis; a retired biologist and forest researcher talked about wood technology in general and about the growth conditions in Italy’s Val di Fiemme area and how it might translate to Norwegian conditions; Roald Renmælmo, Assistant Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, introduced us to traditional Norwegian practices in selecting and harvesting spruce in small scale and for specific purposes; and we also heard the accounts of Karl Otto Mikkelsen, a biologist and violin maker used to looking for and harvesting Norwegian spruce for his instruments. Later, material samples were gathered so interested members could test them at will. As part of my fellowship research I wanted to make several copies of the same guitar. One of the reasons for this was indeed to test some of these different spruce samples and compare them to commercial grade spruce from the Alps, the kind we are all used to seeing and using. My work merely scratches the surface of the possibilities. Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
Posted on April 16, 2026April 16, 2026 by Dale Phillips Remembering Julian Bream Remembering Julian Bream by Cyndy Burton, José Romanillos, R.E. Bruné, Jeffrey R. Elliott, Kevin Aram, Gary Southwell, and Simon Ambridge Originally published in American Lutherie #142, 2021 Julian Bream was born on July 15, 1933, and died on August 14, 2020, one month after his 87th birthday. The accolades that followed were online and in print everywhere, and were consistently filled with superlatives praising his genius as a classical guitarist, his tireless commissioning and presentation of new guitar repertoire from notable contemporary composers, and his teaching and creating opportunities for the next generation of classical guitarists. But commonly overlooked in descriptions of Julian Bream’s achievements in his long career, are the fruits of his relationships with the handful of classical guitar makers he chose to build for him. He sought the best classical guitars possible to serve his musical purposes and, at the same time, inspired their makers to improve their art and craft. We are fortunate that those luthiers are represented here, and that they’ve offered memories of their interactions with Julian Bream. — Cyndy Burton Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
Posted on December 5, 2025June 8, 2026 by Dale Phillips Guitar Making as a Teaching Tool Guitar Making as a Teaching Tool by Debbie French and Mark French Originally published in American Lutherie #144, 2021 Guitar making can be many things. To some it is a craft; to some it is a livelihood. And it’s also being used as a compelling teaching tool around the country. We are part of a project called STEM Guitar that is funded by the National Science Foundation, which provides faculty professional development to high-school and community-college faculty and students around the country, so they can, in turn, use guitar making to teach technical subjects. In educational lingo, these are STEM subjects — Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math. We all know how important it is for students to learn at least the basics of STEM subjects. As luthiers, many of us routinely work with structural dynamics, acoustics, material properties, geometry, and computer-controlled machines. Modern guitar factories wouldn’t work without heavy investments of technology or without trained people. In 2009, industrial arts courses represented just 0.02% of credits taken nationally by high school students (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). However, when an updated report was released in 2013, industrial arts courses were not even included in the NCES reporting; such courses were replaced by engineering and design and manufacturing and technology courses were listed, which represent 0.7% and 0.6% of credits earned by high school students, respectively (U.S. Department of Education, 2013). The guitar program offers an engaging way of exposing students to industrial arts skills through STEM curriculum. Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
Posted on October 9, 2025October 9, 2025 by Dale Phillips Calculating Guitar Side Height Calculating Guitar Side Height by Mike Doolin Originally published in American Lutherie #75, 2003 and Big Red Book of American Lutherie Volume Seven, 2015 Back in American Lutherie #58 (Big Red Book of American Lutherie Volume Five), Jon Sevy published the article “Calculating Arc Parameters” which described how to calculate the radius, length, or depth of a curve. I’ve used these formulae extensively ever since for radiusing fretboards, making dished workboards, calculating neck angles, and even nonlutherie shop tasks. Recently it occurred to me that one could use them to calculate the height of a guitar’s side at any point. If the guitar has a spherically domed back, the back falls off from its highest point in an arc in every direction, as in the photo. This “high point” is effectively the North Pole of the sphere from which the back arch is taken. If we assume a top whose perimeter is all in the same plane, as in Fig. 1, that plane intersects a line of latitude on that sphere. The high point is therefore the point on the back which is farthest from the plane of the top perimeter. All measurements of side height are then distances between that plane and the surface of the sphere of the back arch. I adapted Jon’s formula to calculate the falloff from the high point on the back to any point on the side: Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
Posted on June 21, 2025September 15, 2025 by Dale Phillips The Helmholtz Resonance The Helmholtz Resonance A Brief and Not-Too-Technical Introduction to the History and Theory of the Lowest Sound-Producing Mode, and Some Practical Considerations for Instrument Designers by R.M. Mottola Originally published in American Lutherie #82, 2005 and Big Red Book of American Lutherie Volume Seven, 2015 Research in physics and acoustics of stringed instruments shows us the mechanism by which sound is produced by those instruments. The plates of the instruments and the air inside vibrate in various patterns, each pattern producing sound in a range around a certain frequency. Each of these patterns can be considered to be a resonator, each with its own characteristics. Some of these resonators exist as modes of vibration of different areas of the plates of an instrument, and some are modes of vibration of the air inside the instrument. One of the air resonators is composed of the mass of air inside the instrument and the mass of air within and around the soundhole. The natural frequency of this resonator is near the lowest note that an instrument can make. It is generally labeled the A0 resonance, the letter A standing for the word “air” and the numeral 0 indicating that this is the first in a series of air resonances. This resonance is also referred to as the so-called Helmholtz resonance. Understanding how this resonance works in stringed instruments is not difficult, particularly given a historical perspective. Complete understanding involves some math, but a practical understanding can be had without it. Therefore, I am putting off presenting the formulae in the main article and have included them in a sidebar. Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
