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Strings: The (Often) Forgotten Accessory

Strings: The (Often) Forgotten Accessory

from his 2008 GAL Convention lecture

by Fan Tao

Originally published in American Lutherie #101, 2010



Joseph Curtin: Some of you already know Fan as the person you talked to at D’Addario after you built a custom instrument and then realized the strings for it don’t exist. He’s also become something of a violin-string guru and a major figure in the violin world, since he not only builds violin strings at D’Addario, but is also a very passionate amateur violinist. Fan started as an electrical engineer at Cal Tech, then got drawn into violin research through his job at D’Addario. Fan started the Oberlin Acoustics Workshop, which is one of the most exciting things that’s happened in instrument research, bringing makers and researchers together. He also started the first Violin Society of America Innovation Exposition, which was a big success and really got people thinking more about innovation. He’s a wonderful person, as well.

Fan Tao: Thank you. This is the first convention I’ve attended that represented lots of guitar makers. The most exciting things about working with violin makers are their passion for their craft, their creativity, and their wide range of interests. It’s good to find those same traits among guitar makers.

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Practical Acoustics

Practical Acoustics

from his 2008 GAL Convention lecture

by Michael Cone

Originally published in American Lutherie #102, 2010



Nikola Tesla said, “Science is but a perversion of itself unless it has as its ultimate goal the betterment of humanity.” On the one hand it’s only a guitar, and the jury is still out on just how much better off humanity will be for having a better guitar. On the other hand, a musical instrument is the conduit between a musician and the divine, with the capability to inspire and transcend our ordinary, relative existence. This by itself certainly makes lutherie a worthwhile endeavor, and the application of science to this art and craft, an ultimate necessity.

By science, I mean repeatability, not theory. I mean the practical application of measuring, changing, remeasuring, and then seeing and hearing the difference. We’ve been doing the same thing for several thousand years: flexing, tapping, training our ears, training our guts. After twenty years or so, you pretty much know what you are doing.

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Meet the Maker: James Ham

Meet the Maker: James Ham

by Roger Alan Skipper

Originally published in American Lutherie #102, 2010



Professional luthier James Ham operates from a shop in Victoria, British Columbia. Though he continues to repair and restore violin-family instruments and bows, he is perhaps best known for his construction of world-class double basses. Mr. Ham is a board member of the Catgut Acoustical Society and a founder of the VSA Festival of Innovation. His time and talents are in great demand, but he graciously found the time to respond to yet another inquiring writer.


You’ve been involved with lutherie for a long time, and you’ve achieved some real success. Your name appears often in the upper echelons of the double bass and cello worlds, where you’re widely known as a superb craftsman and a remarkable innovator. Tell me a bit about how you started.

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It’s All About the Core or How To Estimate Compensation

It’s All About the Core

or How to Estimate Compensation

by Sjaak Elmendorp

Originally published in American Lutherie #104, 2010



Ever since I started playing guitar, I’ve wondered why the saddles in my steel string guitars were set at some magical angle and, more puzzling, why the B string in my Martin D-28 (well, a cheap Japanese replica I have had for forty years now and still outbooms any guitar you want to bring to the bonfire) was about 10% sharp. After having accepted that this was one more quirk of the guitar-building community I had since joined, I got intrigued again when I set out to build a long-scale nylon-string acoustic bass (Photo 1) and, for the life of me, didn’t know what compensation to use.

The physics of the problem is very straightforward, but I found the mathematics employed to date rather inaccessible and the recipe for applying the developed theoretical frameworks not very clear. Given the fact that I once was a practicing physics PhD, I had to assume I wasn’t the only one wrestling with the question. Over the course of a long e-mail conversation with R.M. Mottola, for which I am very grateful, I was beginning to see some light at the end of the tunnel.

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Reflections on my Career

Reflections on My Career

by J.R. Beall

Originally published in Guild of American Luthiers Quarterly 6, #1, 1978



This year of 1978 will mark my tenth anniversary as a practitioner of the luthier’s art. Those of us who have engaged in any profession for a longish period of time like to think that we have gained insight regarding that profession and, though such an assumption may be debatable, there is no doubt that we are more than willing to give advice to all and sundry who will listen. Being no less human than the rest and having evolved, over the years, the motto that, “Tis better to bore than be bored,” I shall proceed herewith.

A decade ago, we were considerably fewer in number. There was, of course, no G.A.L. and much less information about the craft. Sloane’s first book, Classic Guitar Construction, had just been released and it was a real boon to many who were trying to make a beginning. I built my first guitar with only a copy of “Guitar Review” No. 28 as a guide. I wasn’t really such a bad set of instructions, but it wasn’t meant as a how-to-build essay and much was missing. At any rate, most of us know what a tremendous thrill that first guitar is. To actually hold in one’s hands the result of so much thought and effort, to experience the consummation of a truly difficult and challenging creative act is, in a very real sense, a personal triumph. Most of us will look back on that first instrument with some embarrassment for its crudity and its faults, but no matter how skilled or accomplished we may become in subsequent years, the completion of that first “#1” is an all time high. I have built only about fifteen guitars during my career. I find them to be the most difficult of all the instruments I have attempted and financially comparatively unrewarding. It has been my observation that to become a truly competitive guitar builder, one needs to have built something like a hundred instruments or had a truly excellent teacher. This is not to say that the first one hundred guitars may not be very good and quite saleable, but only that the complexity of the task requires a very long and arduous apprenticeship. The unfortunate part is that usually, after half a dozen or fewer instruments, most of us feel that we are professionally ready for the market place. We fantasize glorious and financially successful careers and many make major changes in their lives to accommodate this new vocation. After another ten or fifteen guitars, the realization begins to dawn that we know very little about this very complex and sophisticated instrument and, what is even more discouraging, that we are probably unable even to achieve as good a finish as is common on commercial instruments selling for $200–$300. Our biggest problem is that no one has explained that there is simply no substitute for serving one’s time. The construction of a guitar in the Ramírez, Kohno, or Martin steel string class requires at least much knowledge and experience as is necessary of a candidate for a PhD. in any of the professions and the time requirement must be roughly equivalent as well. If one is willing to give seven or eight years to the learning process and has a sufficient natural talent as well, the glories and riches of the master luthier may be attained... but no less will do. I don’t mean to discourage those earnest aspirants to the luthier’s art, but only to inject a realistic note. I know, personally, several master luthiers. I know a great many guitar builders, but only a few who are truly competitive with the “name brands” and they have all served their time. Most of the successful ones became that way because they were driven. They have worked long and hard to achieve true quality. It seems to me that of late I have encountered more and more would-be luthiers, particularly dulcimer makers, who have taken up the craft as a means of avoiding an ordinary job or profession. Needless to say, such people have a somewhat more casual approach to building and it can be predicted that they are not likely to become professional. It is impossible to stress too strongly the necessity for a professional attitude toward what we do!

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