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In Memoriam: Harry Fleishman

In Memoriam: Harry Fleishman

November 5, 1948 – July 14, 2024

by Michael Bashkin, Fred Carlson, Fabio Ragghianti, January Williams, and Tim Olsen

Originally published in American Lutherie #153, 2024

Harry presenting at the 2014 GAL Convention. Photo by Peggy Stuart.

“The only worse time to have a heart attack is during a game of charades.” This was Harry’s recounting of the story of how he went into cardiac arrest while night-diving alone off the coast of Hawaii. It’s a strikingly funny way to describe something so serious, and it’s a perfect example of Harry’s quick wit and intelligence. Sure, humor was often his way of coping with life’s challenges, but he was a master at it. I only wish I could have recorded Harry so I could play it back at half speed to catch all the jokes I missed.

I first met Harry around 1994, and despite the fact that I hadn’t yet made a guitar, he generously took the time to talk with me about guitar making. A few years later, I took a guitar-building course from him, where I learned not only the rules of the craft, but how to break them. As he used to say, “What’s the worst that can happen? You can learn something, and it’s just a guitar.” It’s no exaggeration to say that I wouldn’t be where I am today as a guitar maker without Harry’s guidance and mentorship. I’d be much farther along, but that’s beside the point — and Harry would have appreciated that comment.

Harry’s instruments were much like him — there was always more going on than met the eye. His designs were inventive, varied, and often daring. He wasn’t afraid to pursue ideas with a chance of failure and little market appeal. Harry built instruments simply because they were ideas that he was genuinely curious about and he wanted to explore those designs.

Over the years, Harry and I collaborated on several projects, which included travel and unforgettable meals in far-flung places. I’ll miss Harry and I owe him a great deal for sharing his knowledge and enthusiasm for lutherie. The guitar-making world has truly lost a gem.

— Michael Bashkin

Old pals and fellow lutherie pioneers Tom Ribbecke (left) and Harry Fleishman in 2024. Photo by Michael Bashkin.

I first encountered Harry at a GAL Convention in Tacoma, I think it must have been in the early 1990s. He was giving a presentation in the main hall; in typical Harry fashion, he managed to be funny while communicating really useful information about his unconventional techniques and designs. Unfortunately, I think most of the useful stuff went by me, because I was so taken by the warmth and humor that poured out of him. Really, it was kind of love at first sight... I knew he was someone I wanted to get to know. It turned out, when I got to meet him in person, that the feeling was mutual.

We were very different people, and our approach to lutherie, and certainly the results we got, were very different. In a way, that was part of the great joy of the relationship that developed between us. We enjoyed and admired each other’s work immensely; and were good enough friends to be able to criticize each others work and argue about the details (big and small) without suffering damage to our friendship.

When I had the opportunity a couple of times to drive up the coast from Santa Cruz to Tacoma for a Guild Convention, I would stop by Harry’s place in Sebastopol to spend the night. We would cook up a meal, hang out gossiping about other luthiers, and eventually get out our guitars and play old Dylan songs. On one or two visits, we went off to local art museums; Harry had been an art teacher in an earlier part of his life, and knew more than anyone I’d met about painters and sculptors.

Harry had a vast interest in art and design. He was especially fascinated by industrial design; he loved cool, sporty cars, and really wanted to design automobiles. He was intrigued by a kind of traditional Indonesian jewelry that involved gluing tiny bits of brilliantly colored peacock feathers to a metal or wood substrate, and when he found out we had peacocks wandering around our place, he had me bring him feathers so he could try to figure out how to do it himself. He also had a couple of pygmy goats as pets for a while, and he clearly adored them.

I know some other builders found Harry worrisome, because he was always making jokes about things, and you could never tell for sure if you were the butt of the joke or not. (And you probably were!)

What a wonderful, unique human being he was! I miss him so much!

— Fred Carlson

At home in the 1990s. Photo courtesy of Harry Fleishman.

I’d like to share a few words about Harry Fleishman. In I think 1999, I was visiting a friend in Boulder, Colorado, and I had Harry Fleishman’s address. I just rang the bell. He received me very warmly and we talked about lutherie and life for a whole afternoon. He soon invited me to teach at his school for the following summer. We quickly became good friends and I kept teaching classical and archtop guitar making at Luthiers School International for several years until LSI closed up. (Harry had moved to Sebastopol, California, a few years before.) On the days off, we used to go to Bodega Bay for long walks on the beach with his dog Kiwi and for seafood dinners. He visited me in Italy with his wife, Janet, and I also organized a lecture for him at the Sarzana acoustic guitar meeting. We participated in a panel in Tacoma for the Guild. After LSI we haven’t met personally, but kept communicating by e-mail and phone. He was a high-level luthier, an even better designer, always ahead, and always with an unbeatable sense of humour. I will terribly miss him.

— Fabio Ragghianti

I think of Harry as a hippie — not the long haired, tie-dyed flower child, but as one of the new generation that broke away from American consumerism to grasp the world hands-on; we grew gardens and learned to cook, we made wine and brewed beer, made our own cheese and sausage, baked bread and made ice cream, fixed our cars... and made our own instruments. Now all of these things have become “artisanal” crafts. Before the Internet, we had the Whole Earth Catalog and discovered Stewart-MacDonald, Sloan’s book on classic guitar construction, H.L. Wild for wood, and many other resources. Within a few years, we had guys like Harry Fleishman and Tim Olsen building guitars and reaching out to others to talk about the process.

I got to know Harry over the course of several GAL Conventions, drawn into his presentations. I was fortunate to attend a class with him in 2005 (that he donated and I won at a GAL auction.) The class started with Harry letting us know that he was learning alongside us, and would frequently interrupt the routine bustle of work at our benches to focus all of us on a particular question or technique. He took us to Allied Lutherie where they graciously let us go back into the warehouse and sort through piles of sets, which Harry called “getting naked with the wood.” He provided a running commentary and answered questions. It was a lesson in wood assessment, presented as a “field trip” for the class.

Harry was a down-to-earth guy and would talk to anybody — tolerance and respect for people was just who he was. Early on, Harry told us that sooner or later we would come across an instrument that we would regard as, well, ugly. He said that while your feelings are valid, you need to suspend your judgement, the scoff and scorn. What you should do is examine that instrument carefully, because it can teach you, and you can find something that you can complement, something you can take away to inform your own aesthetic. This tolerance is one of the reasons Harry had so many friends — people whose work he may have criticized, but who he kept in conversation to inform his own aesthetic. He had a way of asking penetrating questions to get you out of ruts and open to a new way of perceiving things. He was a great teacher; he did not try to push things toward you, but got you to probe and question from your own viewpoint.

Harry was generous, both in a personal, objective way, and with ideas and values. When he was staying with us, we took him to a mom-and-pop Lao place because he had traveled in southeast Asia quite a bit. He not only insisted on buying us dinner, but he became the maître d’, quizzed us briefly about our tastes and preferences, and then proceeded to order the entire meal. It challenged us a bit, and introduced us to some things a little outside our comfort zone. It was a great, memorable evening, and as always with Harry, there was a lot of storytelling and laughter.

His generosity in sharing ideas and techniques aligns with the very foundation of the GAL. His classes were not prescriptive, pushing a student down a narrow path towards completing that one guitar, but an exploration. Almost every building task was demonstrated in more than one way, and students were encouraged to help each other in collaboration, so the class was less about me and my guitar, but more about the art and craft of lutherie. At some lutherie schools, a student might come to a workstation all set up with all the supplies and jigs, but with Harry, we started with a blank worktop and started making a workboard jig on the first day. We learned from the start that with very minimal and humble supplies, you can improvise real, functional tools.

One of Harry’s strengths was his fearless approach to fixing mistakes. A classmate epoxied his fingerboard onto a neck misaligned, and another drilled a tuning machine hole in a peghead way off location. In every case Harry jumped in, stopped the class, and led the student through the fix. The takeaway was more than just techniques, but the attitude, the confidence that the maker can deal with anything. I mentioned to Harry how much I appreciated this in an e-mail conversation we had a few months ago, and he responded: “You got the most important single piece of information I ever offered: Everything can be fixed. Don’t sweat and cry; fix and move on.”

Harry Fleishman both embodied and exemplified the core values of the GAL, and we fondly remember him. He really made a difference. Harry was great, Harry was good, Harry was great and good.

— January Williams

Joy. That’s what I remember most about good ol’ Harry Fleishman. He was a real joker, a witty guy, a raconteur. But that’s not what I mean. A lot of funny guys don’t bring joy. Harry brought joy; joy of discovering, joy of doing, joy of sharing.

If you are too young to collect Social Security, then you cannot really know what it meant to start out the way Harry, and many of the GAL’s founders, did. He was a very young person, in love with the idea of making musical instruments, but without a road map. No books for sale or in the library; no wood; no parts; no special tools. And a serious shortage of meaningful role models. Lutherie teachers? Heck, we had never heard the word “lutherie.” Maybe you are rolling your eyes and saying, “OK, Boomer.” But you stand on the shoulders of giants like Harry Fleishman. And a lot of those giants were naive, isolated, obsessed, do-it-yourselfer kids.

As soon as Harry learned something, he taught it. Go to the GAL website (www.luth.org), call up our “search article abstracts,” and pick his name off the drop-down list of well over a thousand authors. You’ll see an astonishing ninety-one articles listed, written across thirty-eight years. Several of these are full-on lecture transcriptions from the many GAL Conventions he attended. Just a few months ago, he and I were discussing article projects and ideas he had in the works.

Joy. You know what brings joy? Helping people. Helping your friends and other folks in the craft. Helping people you don’t even know. Helping people who haven’t been born yet. That’s why there was Harry. That’s why there is a Guild of American Luthiers. That’s why Harry loved the Guild. And that’s why we love Harry.

— Tim Olsen

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Questions: Double Neck Acoustic Guitar Plans

Questions: Double Neck Acoustic Guitar Plans

by Fred Carlson

Originally published in American Lutherie #100, 2009



Henry Canteri from Brazil asks:

Do you have any plans or other information about double neck (6- and 12-string) acoustic guitars?


Fred Carlson from Santa Cruz, California replies:

With any double-necked instrument, there are a few obvious choices to be made in the design stage:

▶ How much space do you need between the necks? This is crucial for the playability of the upper neck. I think most 6-and-12 double-necks have been solidbody electrics; generally speaking, left-hand technique on electrics tends to use less space (around the neck). The necks are smaller, they are often played in a standing position with a strap; the thumb often wraps around the neck. On the other end of the spectrum, if the player uses a classical position (sitting, guitar on left leg), the fretting arm and wrist extend much further out from the treble side of the neck; you’d need more space between necks if you wanted full utilization of the “upper” neck in that position. In order to accomplish that, the necks may need to be angled, rather than being parallel as is often seen on solidbody 6-and-12 double-necks. Steel-string/folk playing position tends to put the fretting hand somewhat closer to the neck, needing less space than classical, but everyone’s different.

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Building the Kamanché

Building the Kamanché

by Nasser Shirazi

Originally published in American Lutherie #4, 1985 and Big Red Book of American Lutherie Volume One, 2000



The word kamanché in the Persian language (Farsi) means “small bow.” This instrument, with varying shape, size, and material, is widely used in Middle Eastern countries. The kamanché described in this article is modeled after the Persian (Iranian) instrument.

The kamanché is a very old instrument and possibly dates back as much as 1500–2000 years, being another form of the ancient Indian ravanstron. In 1418 A.D. Ben Abd-ul-Cadir wrote a treatise (the manuscript of which is in the University of Leyden) which shows that its existence today has changed little since that time.

A 16th-century Iranian miniature painting in the Khamza of the poet Nizami shows a kamanché very similar to the one described below. Various early European travelers to Iran have described it also. Among these are Sir W. Ouseley in 1819,1 and Sir Percy M. Sykes.2 Sykes describes a kamanché in Khorasan, an eastern province of Iran, as follows: “...made of walnut wood. The total length is 37", with fingerboard 9" in length. The instrument is handled like a violoncello; but in shape resembles a mandolin with a long spike of worked iron. The belly is constructed from a pumpkin covered with parchment and mounted with stripes of bone radiating from a turquoise. The neck is pierced on each side with three holes, and with a hollow at the back, 3" in length; there are three wire strings and six pegs, three of which are dummies. The bow resembles our double-bass bows and is 22" in length; it is made of gypchin wood and has a strap and a loop with which to tighten the horsehair. To complete the equipment, a bit of beeswax is tied on to serve as rosin.”

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A Tale of Two Schools

A Tale of Two Schools

by Fred Carlson

previously published in American Lutherie #53, 1998



In 1975 I was a skinny nineteen-year-old with a small beard and a big passion for making wooden musical instruments, living in a commune in northern Vermont. That fall, I had an extraordinary experience. It was one of those experiences that we are blessed with once or twice in our lives if we’re lucky. I had the opportunity to spend six weeks studying guitar building at a small school devoted to that art, run by a man named Charles Fox.

Nearly twenty years later, in the spring of 1995, I found myself on the other side of the continent in Santa Cruz, California, my beard shaved off, still building guitars, and still using those few simple, elegant techniques I’d learned twenty years earlier. I’d long ago lost touch with Charles Fox, but in a very real way he was with me. For many years I had a tattered old blue notebook, my guitar-building bible of notes taken during those six weeks spent with Charles and five other young, crazy, would-be guitar builders. I had referred to those notes time and time again. I’m sure I had parts of them memorized. During my big move west in 1989, the notebook was misplaced, and I have yet to find it. Although I lost an old friend with the passing of that worn volume, I discovered that I had learned its lessons. I could build guitars without it!

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In Memoriam: Don Bradley

In Memoriam: Don Bradley

1949 – 2016

by Deb Olsen, Chris Herrod, Alan Carruth, and Fred Carlson

Originally published in American Lutherie #127, 2016

We are fond of all our GAL members, for sure. But there are some members who have been with us for so many years, who have grown up with us and the Guild, and who we have enjoyed spending time with at so many conventions over decades, that they have a special place in our hearts. Don Bradley is one of those. Happy, amiable, kind, funny, smart, and humble, Don has always been a great supporter of the Guild and its ideals. He has been with us from way, way back — a member continuously since 1977, he attended his first convention in Tacoma that year after completing one of the early courses at the Roberto-Venn School, and he attended at least a dozen in all, including the last five held in Tacoma from 2004–2014. (See his “Meet the Maker” article in AL#111.) I’d have to do a little research, but it’s possible that he attended more conventions than any other member (other than the GAL staff). So we were always delighted when we’d get his convention registration and knew we’d be seeing him again. Conventions can be daunting, but one of the things that encourages us to keep doing them is knowing that we’ll be seeing some of our old pals like Don. We’ll really miss him at the next one.

—Deb Olsen

Intelligent, soft-spoken, and kind, Don Bradley was for many years a welcome fixture at NCAL (Northern California Association of Luthiers) and GAL events. We grew accustomed to his friendly, easy-going presence and that makes his sudden passing all the more difficult.

Aside from building a variety of instruments, Don applied his keen, inquisitive mind to a wide range of pursuits: banjo playing, electric cars, folk dancing, raising llamas, and gardening. Perhaps he will be best remembered for building the signal generator device for Chladni testing (“free plate testing”) that was sold for many years by LMI and others.

Thank you, Don. You will be missed.

—Chris Herrod

Photo by Teri Korsmo

I first met Don at the GAL Convention in Vermillion, South Dakota, in 1992. He approached me, introduced himself as an electronics engineer, and asked if there was anything he could do to help. I was looking for somebody to take over the business of making signal generators that I had suspended on the death of my father a few years before, and his offer was very welcome. I sent the parts and information to Don with gratitude.

Those machines were only slight updates of the ones detailed in the old GAL Data Sheet #112 by Matt Fichtenbaum, and were very far out of date by then; so Don came up with a wholly new, and far better, design in consultation with me. Although from habit I use my old unit for day-to-day work, when I need real precision or portability I turn to Don’s device.

Thereafter we would see each other in Tacoma when I was able to get out for conventions. When I had a table we would set up a signal generator, and Don would spell me in demonstrations. He would also help out if I had a talk to give.

Don hosted me at his home when I went out for what turned out to be the last Healdsburg Festival, providing a pleasant and undemanding oasis amid the cacophony. My flight home was late on the Monday after the close of the festival, and Don took me on a sightseeing tour. We took in the Armstrong redwoods and Bodega Bay in a pleasant and relaxing day’s drive.

I always hoped that some chance would enable me to return the favor, and show him some of the scenic attractions near my home in New Hampshire. Sadly, that will never happen now. I’m left wondering how his instrument making went, and whether he ever got that Tesla that he wanted.
Adios, Don: I owe you.

—Alan Carruth

Don Bradley was such a nice guy! I met him at the first GAL Convention I ever attended, the one in Winfield, Kansas, in 1978. I was oh-so-young (early 20-something), on my first real trip away from home on my own, at my first luthier convention, showing off some of my instruments to other luthiers for the first time. Don was so warm and easy going; I immediately felt comfortable with him. We got caught together in some building when a brief and wild summer tornado cruised through, filling the streets with water in minutes. Watching this amazing phenomenon of nature, we got to talking, and it turned out he had just locked his keys inside his truck. I spent quite a while taking apart my backpack to get at a metal rod that was a part of the frame, and we used it to pick his truck-door lock. The sort of experience that one remembers, and that can lead to lasting friendship, which it did. We mostly only met, over the years, at lutherie-related events, and saw each other less frequently as the years went by, but each meeting was a happy event, and the friendship was always there, waiting to be enjoyed.

Wherever luthiers go when they pass on, I know everyone there will be happy to see him, but we’ll sure miss him here!

Happy journey into the mystery, my friend!

—Fred Carlson