Posted on June 9, 2026June 9, 2026 by Dale Phillips Construction Methods of Early Spanish Guitarreros Construction Methods of Early Spanish Guitarreros by James Westbrook Originally published in American Lutherie #118, 2014 Imagine London in the early-to-mid 19th century, a vibrant creative center, especially for the manufacture of fine musical instruments. Makers from France and further afield settled here and flourished. I’ve spent much of the last twenty-two years studying many of the relics of this time, some of them playable, and piecing together their history, and hopefully contributing insights that others will find useful and will build upon as they conduct and publish their own research or construct their own guitars. Many of these makers, like the Panormo family, were émigrés, and some chose to continue in the traditions they were taught. Others, such as the brothers Dominique and Arnould Roudhloff from Mirecourt, France, were less conservative and popularized the recently invented melophonic guitar, with its larger-than-average body size and the newly applied X bracing. (More on that subject in a future article in American Lutherie.) Louis Panormo is especially fascinating and prolific. It is thought that his father Vincenzo Panormo, originally from Palermo, Sicily, moved to London from Paris with his four sons, including five- or six -year-old Louis, in 1789, almost certainly to escape the troubles in revolutionary Paris. (“Panormus” is the standard classical and medieval Latin name for Palermo, a name which scholars believe the ancestral “Trusiano” family acquired when they were living in Naples.) Many of Vincenzo’s family became involved in the music business as performers, teachers, and makers of stringed instruments. Louis flourished in London from about 1816 to 1854 and developed his own “Spanish-style” model, although it is not clear how much he really understood about the Spanish school of guitar making. I set out to assess the legitimacy of his claim. For example, he built his guitars face-down around the soundboard, that is, with the back fitted last. Although this is now the most usual and accepted method for making modern Spanish-style guitars, Louis Panormo may have been the first to do it, as this was not the norm for the early Spanish school of guitar making. Become A Member to Continue Reading This Article This article is part of the Articles Online featured on our website for Guild members. To view this and other web articles, join the Guild of American Luthiers. For details, visit the membership page. MEMBERS: login for access or contact us to setup your account.
Posted on June 6, 2024May 27, 2025 by Dale Phillips Questions: Crownless Frets Questions: Crownless Frets by James Westbrook and R.M. Mottola Originally published in American Lutherie #89, 2007 Gilles Danis from the Internet asks: I have been asked by a museum to restore an old guitar. It is a rather cheaply made thing from the early 20th century. The frets do not have crowns. They are just thin flat bars on their sides with barbs at the bottom. Do you know of a source for such fretwire? James Westbrook from England replies: I get my bar fret stock from Makoto Tsuruta in Japan. I think there are a few different sizes. His website is www.crane.gr.jp., and his e-mail address is mmm@st.rim.or.jp. The Questions Column editor adds: Nickel-alloy sheets of various thicknesses and alloy composition are available from McMaster Carr (www.mcmaster.com) but they need to be cut into strips for use as bar frets. Sheet metal places or machine shops that have shears can do this cheaply. ◆
Posted on January 16, 2010June 10, 2025 by Dale Phillips In Memoriam: Jim Forderer In Memoriam: Jim Forderer March 24, 1943 – June 12, 2016 by James Westbrook, and John Doan Originally published in American Lutherie #128, 2016 I first spoke to Jim Forderer in 1997, when I had heard about a 1930s Hauser with a carved-relief headstock and I was curious to learn more about this seemingly rare feature. Beverly Maher, at the Guitar Salon in New York, told me that Jim had seen the guitar and that I should talk to him. So I called long distance from England and we immediately hit it off. Our mutual interest in guitars meant that we could have chatted all night long, so I thought it would be cheaper to talk to him in person. So just a few months later I flew out to Los Altos Hills, California. His guitar collection at that time was quite modest, mainly consisting of 20th-century classical guitars. But he did have the odd Panormo and such, which, by coincidence, he had obtained via a dealer from auctions I ran in London. Like his family, his guitar collection grew and grew. It also began to reach much further back in time; that was probably my influence. I had well over fifty trips to the Bay Area to visit my best American friend and also to see his children who I also got to know very well — all twenty-seven of them. Jim founded the Bridge School with Neil Young in 1986, and every October I would help him with his children at the Bridge School benefit concert. Plus, I would come out whenever he was asked to exhibit his collection, sometimes going south to La Guitarra in San Luis Obispo, other times very north to the GAL Convention. Jim was one of the most generous, kind, and sincere people I knew. His only fault was that he was very stubborn about limiting the time he should be behind the wheel. This resulted in witnessing many near-fatal accidents in his RVs. Driving from San Jose to Tacoma was no stroll in the park, but he would insist on driving until after he had fallen asleep. So my job on the trips to the conventions was to make sure we both got there alive, but more importantly, that the forty-odd guitars he was exhibiting got there without damage. One time he drove onto a freeway the wrong way. Another time he drove all through the night, forgetting to put any lights on the trailer we were pulling. And another time he parked on a mountain top and forgot to put the brakes on. The vehicle went off the edge, but luckily was stopped by a tree. There was, however, one trip in 2008 that I couldn’t make, and during that trip he crashed. Any sane person would have turned back, but he still made it to the GAL Convention, hiring a van and transferring all of his instruments over. Jim’s uniqueness as a collector, for he was certainly no scholar, was his readiness to share his collection. Besides lending the odd guitar to professional musicians, he would take his collection to The People. I think if he was offered to preserve them in a museum, within glass cases, he would have declined, for his collection was very much hands-on. The only down side to this was their preservation: like the time he reversed his RV over his original and very rare Mozzani case; luckily he had forgotten to put the guitar inside! He was a truly remarkable man, who touched so many guitars, and so many lives. — James Westbrook Photo by Anne Newsom For anyone who loves the history of the classical guitar and getting up close and personal with significant instruments from the past, meeting Jim Forderer would have been a peak experience. I had that pleasure many times over the years. My first encounter was when he and Dr. James Westbrook visited my home en route north to Tacoma for a GAL Convention. His 30´ motorhome was an impromptu guitar museum on wheels. We sat on a couch that converts to a bed as he opened up one piled case after another, pulling out rare guitars by Panormo, Fabricatore, Lacôte, Mozzani, and other legendary builders. Wait. Aren’t these supposed to be untouchably encased in humidity-controlled glass enclosures, safe in some far-away instrument museum? What was hard for me to get my mind around was that all of these precious historical artifacts were precariously traveling through time and space in an aging Winnebago parked in my gravel driveway! Jim was not known for writing highly annotated guitar research books or articles, but as each instrument was lovingly pulled from its tattered wooden case, he freely and passionately discussed the intimate details of its construction and materials. He knew about each of the makers and their nuanced place in history. His knowledge was not solely reliant on books. Rather, it was the sort that comes from holding each instrument in his arms, from hours of carefully inspecting their surfaces, from inhaling at the soundhole the scent of a distant workshop, and from plucking a string that would send him dreaming of where it had been and of who played it. All this was augmented by his close interaction with Dr. Westbrook and other players and scholars. Jim freely shared his collection with whomever showed interest. Once at the GAL Convention, he had placed all the instruments on a few tables not just for display but for anyone to grab and inspect, no white cotton gloves required. I arrived early to the exhibit hall and found his collection unattended. There was one burly guitarist taking a flat pick to an extremely rare harpolyre built by Jean François Salomon in Paris, 1829. I couldn’t contain myself when this guy let loose with a G run and had to appeal to him to perform his licks pickless. When Jim arrived he didn’t seem to mind. To me it was a chaotic free-for-all of blues riffs and spontaneous renditions of “Stairway to Heaven,” but Jim just smiled at the joy others were getting from the priceless opportunity to play these rare guitars. He was a humble man. He didn’t quibble over exact dates or chronology or insist on others agreeing with his narrative of the guitar’s history he had come to know. He was open to learning from others, yet was confident in what he knew from the years he had spent with the instruments. His knowledge was personal and intimate. Jim was not a wealthy man as the world might measure him. When I last saw him he was living in a trailer park in Northern California. He had a modest income from caring for numerous foster children, several of whom had disabilities, and he provided a nurturing home to many who had been misunderstood and neglected. Where most people will put away funds in a savings account, Jim acquired rare and aging instruments, many in need of repair. In many ways, like the children he cared for, he offered these forgotten instruments a safe harbor from the ravages of time. With dogs barking and teenagers shouting across the loosely knit group of mobile homes, I came to visit and ultimately buy his harpolyre. He initially had trouble locating it, searching under beds and behind furniture. Then out of a closet, deep behind a wall of hanging clothes, came a huge freight case made to withstand the punishment of the most callous luggage handler. We cleared a patch of shag carpet, tossing old newspapers and a plastic area heater to the side. As the light from a lamp atop of a chipboard side table filled the velvet-lined case, we stood around it in awe. He and Dr. Westbrook had purchased it from a collector in Berlin who in turn acquired it from a failed instrument museum in Switzerland. It was peripheral to his guitar collection, so he was willing to pass it on to me. He pulled it out of its enclosure with fondness and pointed out the cartouche in the middle of the headstock that read “Salomon Brevete” (“Patented by Salomon”), noting that most of these instruments did not have labels and that this was proof of its provenance. I had recently recorded Fernando Sor’s music for harpolyre and was impressed by how much Jim knew about the instrument’s tuning and other features. This was the last contact I had with Jim. I will remember him for his kindness, generous spirit, and deep passion for collecting fine old guitars. Unlike some collectors of means who might store away their treasures in vaults and private galleries, Jim openly shared his only possessions of value. Ultimately, Jim cared more about people and the joy they derived from his collection than the instruments themselves. He touched the past, and enjoyed how others could join in the aura of discovery, reverence, and mystery with him. ◆ — John Doan